Semantic Web - Latent Semantic Indexing

is semantic Web good topic for seminar?

admin — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 03:50:59 +0000

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Optimized for the Semantic Web

admin — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 03:46:47 +0000

Plumb Web Solutions demonstrates how their service optimizes content for the semantic Web.

Future Talk 3-3, Semantic Web Radar Networks CEO Nova Spivack demonstrates the "Semantic Web", and...
Learn About Semantic Web and its Benefits (pt. 2) In this second of two presentations presented by the San...
Service Composition for the Semantic Web Product DescriptionService Composition for the Semantic Web presents an in-depth...

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what is a semantic web map?

admin — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 03:47:15 +0000

i just really want to know...answer it if you know it..thanks

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Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies

admin — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 03:48:48 +0000

Product Description
With more substantial funding from research organizations and industry, numerous large-scale applications, and recently developed technologies, the Semantic Web is quickly emerging as a well-recognized and important area of computer science. While Semantic Web technologies are still rapidly evolving, Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies focuses on the established foundations in this area that have become relatively stable over time. It thoroughl... More >>

Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies

Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Despite...
Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Second Edition: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL Product DescriptionSemantic Web models and technologies provide information in machine-readable...
A Semantic Web Primer Product DescriptionThe development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content,...

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Future Talk 3-4, Semantic Web

admin — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 03:48:37 +0000

Radar Networks CEO Nova Spivack discusses the future of the "Semantic Web"

Future Talk 3-3, Semantic Web Radar Networks CEO Nova Spivack demonstrates the "Semantic Web", and...
Data.gov Present and Future – Semantic Web, Linked Data and Social Media – Part 4 George Thomas, Enterprise Architect, HHS Data.gov is deploying Semantic Web...
Learn About Semantic Web and its Benefits (pt. 2) In this second of two presentations presented by the San...

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current thesis around semantic web mining and ontology on web ?

admin — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:47:19 +0000

Web Mining: From Web to Semantic Web: First European Web Mining Forum, EWMF 2003, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 22, 2003, Revised Selected and Invited Papers Product DescriptionThis book originates from the first European Web Mining...
Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...

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‪Semantics Empowered resCUe enviRonmEnt (SECURE) Demo‬

admin — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 03:48:35 +0000

This demo is about a Semantic Web research effort toward a Physical-Cyber-Social system. Specifically, the robot in this demo uses semantic knowledge base, and an ontology of perception to infer fire in it's environment.

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A Semantic Web Primer

admin — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 03:47:23 +0000

Product Description
The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionize the World Wide Web and its use. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this still emerging field, describing its key ideas, languages, and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for self-study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concept... More >>

A Semantic Web Primer

A Semantic Web Primer Product DescriptionThe development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content,...
Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Second Edition: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL Product DescriptionSemantic Web models and technologies provide information in machine-readable...
Semantic Neighborhood Browser Prototype of a Neighborhood Browser for arbitrary reversible attributes in...

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A Semantic Web Primer

admin — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 03:47:23 +0000

A Semantic Web Primer

A Semantic Web Primer Product DescriptionThe development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content,...
Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Second Edition: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL Product DescriptionSemantic Web models and technologies provide information in machine-readable...
Semantic Neighborhood Browser Prototype of a Neighborhood Browser for arbitrary reversible attributes in...

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The DataTank

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 03:55:28 +0000

The DataTank is a framework to open up data in a RESTful and simple way so that it can be easily used in end-user applications, publications or visualizations. Furthermore, it can annotate your data with ontology information and RDF output. Its primary goal is to provide a tool which takes your data through the ﬁve stars of open data according to Tim Berners-Lee. IBBT-MMLab contributed to this progress together with partners iRail NPO, OKFN Belgium and xplore+. For more info visit www.thedatatank.com. Developed by: iRail NPO npo.irail.be project.irail.be Multimedia Lab of Ghent University - IBBT multimedialab.elis.ugent.be www.ugent.be www.ibbt.be

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A Developer’s Guide to the Semantic Web

admin — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 03:47:22 +0000

Product Description
Covering the theory, technical components and applications of the Semantic Web, this book’s unrivalled coverage includes the latest on W3C standards such as OWL 2, and discusses new projects such as DBpedia. It also shows how to put theory into practice.... More >>

A Developer's Guide to the Semantic Web

Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning: Second International Workshop, PPSWR 2004, St. Malo, France, September 6-10, 2004, Proceedings Product DescriptionThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second...
Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...
Future Talk 3-3, Semantic Web Radar Networks CEO Nova Spivack demonstrates the "Semantic Web", and...

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Future Talk 3-3, Semantic Web

admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 03:47:36 +0000

Radar Networks CEO Nova Spivack demonstrates the "Semantic Web", and discusses issues around the growing impact of the World Wide Web.

Data.gov Present and Future – Semantic Web, Linked Data and Social Media – Part 4 George Thomas, Enterprise Architect, HHS Data.gov is deploying Semantic Web...
Learn About Semantic Web and its Benefits (pt. 2) In this second of two presentations presented by the San...
It’s Time for Government to Back the Semantic Web It's Time for Government to Back the Semantic Web ConsortiumInfo.org:...

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Semantic Neighborhood Browser

admin — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 03:46:37 +0000

Prototype of a Neighborhood Browser for arbitrary reversible attributes in semantic networks We are developing mobile user interfaces to the semantic web. The example realizes a generic browser for forward/backward relations. We showcase the functionality by navigating through Predecessors/Decendant-relations of programming languages. The center pane shows the currently selected language. On the left and right the "Predecessors" and "Decendants" can be seen. The languages on the left have influenced the center language and the languages on the right were influenced by it. The app has been realized with Qt 4.7 and QSparql using QtQuick (QML) technology. It can be run on Apple or Windows Desktops as well as on Symbian or Linux mobile devices (eg MeeGo). Please note that you are seeing an early prototype. Version: 2011.04.23

Semantic web revolution – MyBantu launch We have attended MyBantu.com product launch party and interviewed its...

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Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Second Edition: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL

admin — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 03:48:50 +0000

Product Description
Semantic Web models and technologies provide information in machine-readable languages that enable computers to access the Web more intelligently and perform tasks automatically without the direction of users. These technologies are relatively recent and advancing rapidly, creating a set of unique challenges for those developing applications. Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist is the essential, comprehensive resource on semantic modeling, for practitioners in... More >>

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Second Edition: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL

Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Despite...
Semantic Web for Business: Cases and Applications Product DescriptionThe Semantic Web has been around for some years...
Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...

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Dont Move The Plants

admin — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 03:48:27 +0000

Winner of the one minute video competition at Semantic Web Summer School 2011.

Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced for June 5-9 in San Francisco Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced...

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which is well reputed university in the area of semantic web, knowledge representation and reasoning stuff?

admin — Sun, 11 Dec 2011 03:46:20 +0000

By well reputed i mean- the faculty reputation in the area, research programs/projects, etc.
I am interested in semantic web, knowledge representation and reasoning, web data mining. I am looking for universities which have strong presence in these areas. I want to do masters in these area. Please help me with info .One of the uni i found is rensselaer polytechnic institute (RPI), pls let me know other similar uni's. Thanks

Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning: Second International Workshop, PPSWR 2004, St. Malo, France, September 6-10, 2004, Proceedings Product DescriptionThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second...
Web Mining: From Web to Semantic Web: First European Web Mining Forum, EWMF 2003, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 22, 2003, Revised Selected and Invited Papers Product DescriptionThis book originates from the first European Web Mining...
Helen Interview fo Semantic, Web 3.0, Hybrid Cities and Knowledge Cluster This is not a social networking venture. Nothing ever happens...

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TrialX presentation QA at ISWC 2009 Semantic Web Challenge- Karthik Gomadam

admin — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 03:47:02 +0000

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The Search For Meaning: Why Enterprise Information Management Needs Enterprise Semantics – New Whitepaper from …

admin — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 03:47:12 +0000

The Search For Meaning: Why Enterprise Information Management Needs Enterprise Semantics - New Whitepaper from ...
Searching without context? Add intelligence to your enterprise information management strategy with semantics, say Semaphore software developers Smartlogic. (PRWeb June 30, 2011) Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/6/prweb8581548.htm

SemWeb Elevator Pitch

admin — Tue, 28 Jun 2011 03:46:32 +0000

An elevator pitch for the Semantic Web, as requested by Eric Franzon of semanticweb.com.

Elevator Pitch for Semantic Web (Sandro Hawke, W3C) SemanticWeb.com asked for elevator pitches, giving our views of what...

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Press Release

admin — Sat, 25 Jun 2011 03:48:14 +0000

Press Release
In an emergency department (ED), where patientsâ€™ health and safety hang in the balance, every second counts. Now, Inova Alexandria Hospital ED clinicians can quickly access a patientâ€™s prescriptions information, no matter where in the U.S. they were written, enhancing care quality and safety.

Learn About Semantic Web and its Benefits (pt. 2)

admin — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 03:46:41 +0000

In this second of two presentations presented by the San Francisco Java User Group on July 13, 2010, Shamod Lacoul, a bay area software entrepreneur, talks about what's happening lately with semantic web. He also delivers a few practical use cases, as well as talking a bit about who's using semantic web today. Hosted by BlackRock. Sponsored by Marakana, Sun, O'Reilly, Pakt Publishing, and JetBrains. Organized by Marakana.

Semantic Web for Business: Cases and Applications Product DescriptionThe Semantic Web has been around for some years...
Semantic Web – Semantic Data Generator with Fortunata Part I This video show the instalation of Fortunata Framework (created for...

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WebMediaBrands’ Inside Network Research Releases Latest Survey Revealing Deepening Brand Loyalty, Willingness to Pay …

admin — Thu, 16 Jun 2011 03:46:48 +0000

WebMediaBrands’ Inside Network Research Releases Latest Survey Revealing Deepening Brand Loyalty, Willingness to Pay ...
WebMediaBrands today released a new report through its Inside Network research division that reveals strong brand preferences and willingness to pay among players of social games.

Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced for June 5-9 in San Francisco Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced...
Semantic Advertising Leader Peer39 Expands Executive and Sales Teams Semantic Advertising Leader Peer39 Expands Executive and Sales Teams NEW...
Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Rearden Commerce...

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Web 3.0 Innovative Semantic Interactions with Spotlets

admin — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 03:47:37 +0000

CoMET is a new creative media exchange terminal to interact with semantic annotated objects. The video gives a preview of upcoming Web 3.0 user interface technologies. For more details: www.dfki.de

Data.gov Present and Future – Semantic Web, Linked Data and Social Media – Part 4 George Thomas, Enterprise Architect, HHS Data.gov is deploying Semantic Web...
Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Despite...
Semantic Web: Revolutionizing Knowledge Discovery in the Life Sciences Product DescriptionThis book introduces advanced semantic web technologies, illustrating their...

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Downloads and Upgrades

admin — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 03:47:06 +0000

Downloads and Upgrades
The new version of the spliced read mapper for RNA-seq data includes a restructured internal workflow that compresses all temporary data during a run in order to improve running time on networked filesystems.

Semantic web revolution – MyBantu launch

admin — Sat, 04 Jun 2011 03:46:39 +0000

We have attended MyBantu.com product launch party and interviewed its co-founder about it's semantic web application - great mobile search app that beats competition with its recommendation engine and social relevance features.

Helen Interview fo Semantic, Web 3.0, Hybrid Cities and Knowledge Cluster This is not a social networking venture. Nothing ever happens...
Data.gov Present and Future – Semantic Web, Linked Data and Social Media – Part 4 George Thomas, Enterprise Architect, HHS Data.gov is deploying Semantic Web...
http://www.newlifes.com as Web 3.0 & Semantic Web & Cloud Computing computer alghoritmic controlled The inspiration for the Full-Duplex-Social Open-API Software As A Services...

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AlchemyAPI Announces Major Updates to Natural Language Processing Service

admin — Sun, 29 May 2011 03:47:38 +0000

AlchemyAPI Announces Major Updates to Natural Language Processing Service
DENVER, May 23, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- AlchemyAPI ( www.alchemyapi.com ), a leading provider of natural language processing technology, today announced major performance and feature updates to its popular text-mining web service. AlchemyAPI is a SaaS platform that enriches textual content through automated tagging, categorization, linguistic analysis, and semantic mining ...

EDST616 Semantic Web

admin — Fri, 27 May 2011 03:47:18 +0000

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It’s Time for Government to Back the Semantic Web

admin — Fri, 20 May 2011 03:47:12 +0000

It's Time for Government to Back the Semantic Web
ConsortiumInfo.org: "Before our systems can go at it, the Semantic Web standards developed by the World Wide Web Consortium have to be implemented in enough Web pages to make it worthwhile. If you're sensing that we have a chicken and egg problem here, you're right on target."

The Evolving Semantic Web, From Military to Venture Capital, Dr Mark Greaves, Vulcan Ventures, 4

admin — Thu, 19 May 2011 03:46:37 +0000

The Evolving Semantic Web, From Military to Venture Capital, Dr Mark Greaves, Vulcan Ventures

Power of the Dream Ventures Announces Going Public Roadmap for iGlue Power of the Dream Ventures Announces Going Public Roadmap for...
Helen Interview fo Semantic, Web 3.0, Hybrid Cities and Knowledge Cluster This is not a social networking venture. Nothing ever happens...
Semantic Web – Semantic Data Generator with Fortunata Part I This video show the instalation of Fortunata Framework (created for...

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Google makes life easier with image search sorting

admin — Wed, 11 May 2011 03:47:16 +0000

Google makes life easier with image search sorting
Everyone has been in the position where you’re trying to describe something, but can’t think of the name. You kind of remember what it looks like, so you end up on Google following a line of breadcrumbs to find the exact thing you were searching for. Fortunately, Google has created something that will help us [...]

Semantic Web: Revolutionizing Knowledge Discovery in the Life Sciences

admin — Tue, 03 May 2011 03:48:58 +0000

Product Description
This book introduces advanced semantic web technologies, illustrating their utility and highlighting their implementation in biological, medical, and clinical scenarios. It covers topics ranging from database, ontology, and visualization to semantic web services and workflows. The volume also details the factors impacting on the establishment of the semantic web in life science and the legal challenges that will impact on its proliferation.... More >>

Semantic Web: Revolutionizing Knowledge Discovery in the Life Sciences

Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Despite...
Service Composition for the Semantic Web Product DescriptionService Composition for the Semantic Web presents an in-depth...
Luisa2Go – Context-aware Semantic Web Services discovery Further information stefandietze.wordpress.com....

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Semantic Advertising Leader Peer39 Expands Executive and Sales Teams

admin — Mon, 02 May 2011 03:46:54 +0000

Semantic Advertising Leader Peer39 Expands Executive and Sales Teams
NEW YORK, NY--(Marketwire - 04/25/11) - Peer39 , a leader in the semantic advertising industry, today announced three key additions to its New York headquarters. Ronit Dvir-Bacalu will join Peer39 as vice president of finance from online ad verification company DoubleVerify. Ross Sandler joins as senior director of agency sales from MediaMath, and finally, Erik Johnson joins the team as business ...

Read more on Marketwire via Yahoo! Finance

Power of the Dream Ventures Announces Going Public Roadmap for iGlue Power of the Dream Ventures Announces Going Public Roadmap for...
Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Rearden Commerce...
Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced for June 5-9 in San Francisco Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced...

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Luisa2Go – Context-aware Semantic Web Services discovery

admin — Mon, 25 Apr 2011 03:47:10 +0000

Further information stefandietze.wordpress.com.

Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...
Change Management for Semantic Web Services Product DescriptionChange Management for Semantic Web Services provides a thorough...

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Power of the Dream Ventures Announces Going Public Roadmap for iGlue

admin — Sat, 23 Apr 2011 03:46:45 +0000

Power of the Dream Ventures Announces Going Public Roadmap for iGlue
BUDAPEST, HUNGARY--(Marketwire - Apr 19, 2011) - Power of the Dream Ventures, Inc. ( OTCBB : PWRV ), Hungary's premier technology acquisition and development company, is pleased to announce going forward a roadmap for iGlue, to culminate the company becoming a publicly traded entity in the United States.

Service Composition for the Semantic Web

admin — Fri, 22 Apr 2011 03:49:27 +0000

Product Description
Service Composition for the Semantic Web presents an in-depth analysis of aspects related to semantic-enabled Web service modeling and composition. It also covers challenges and solutions to composing Web services on the semantic Web, and proposing a semantic framework for organizing and describing Web services. Service Composition for the Semantic Web describes composability and matching models to check whether semantic Web services can be combined together to av... More >>

Service Composition for the Semantic Web

Change Management for Semantic Web Services Product DescriptionChange Management for Semantic Web Services provides a thorough...
Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Despite...
Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...

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Semantic Web – Semantic Data Generator with Fortunata Part I

admin — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 03:46:35 +0000

This video show the instalation of Fortunata Framework (created for the UAM and UPM university). It function is simplify the creation of Web Page with Semantic data.

Data.gov Present and Future – Semantic Web, Linked Data and Social Media – Part 4 George Thomas, Enterprise Architect, HHS Data.gov is deploying Semantic Web...
Meta Data transporting systems in semantic web part 4 (final) PLDC/10/WE/104 DIT-08-M1-1140 DIT-08-M1-1004 DIS-08-M5-2051 DIT-08-M1-1198 DIT-08-S1-2779...
Semantic CMS for web 3.0 Presentation of a semantic web page. Free tool for its...

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Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced for June 5-9 in San Francisco

admin — Thu, 14 Apr 2011 03:48:13 +0000

Mediabistro’s Semantic Technology Conference & Expo: SemTech 2011 Agenda Announced for June 5-9 in San Francisco
Mediabistro.com today announced the agenda for its 2011 SemTech conference and expo. SemTech will take place June 5-9, 2011 at the San Francisco Hilton in Union Square. SemTech represents a full spectrum of business, government, and consumer activity taking place within the field of semantic technology and brings together the most practical and advanced solutions in the industry.

UK’s Top “Web Economy” Technology Companies to Visit Silicon Valley UK’s Top "Web Economy" Technology Companies to Visit Silicon Valley...
Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Rearden Commerce...
Semantic Text Startup Reads and Summarizes Documents for You Semantic Text Startup Reads and Summarizes Documents for You The...

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Web Mining: From Web to Semantic Web: First European Web Mining Forum, EWMF 2003, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 22, 2003, Revised Selected and Invited Papers

admin — Mon, 11 Apr 2011 03:47:18 +0000

Product Description
This book originates from the first European Web Mining Forum, EWMF 2003, held in Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, in September 2003 in association with ECML/PKDD 2003. The Web Mining Forum initiative is motivated by the insight that knowledge discovery on the Web, from the viewpoint of hyperarchive analysis, and, from the viewpoint of interaction among persons and institutions, are complementary, both for the conventional Web and for the Semantic Web. This book present... More >>

Web Mining: From Web to Semantic Web: First European Web Mining Forum, EWMF 2003, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 22, 2003, Revised Selected and Invited Papers

Semantic Web and Databases: Second International Workshop, SWDB 2004, Toronto, Canada, August 29-30, 2004, Revised Selected Papers ISBN13: 9783540245766 Condition: USED - Very Good Notes: BUY WITH...
Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning: Second International Workshop, PPSWR 2004, St. Malo, France, September 6-10, 2004, Proceedings Product DescriptionThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second...
Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...

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Data.gov Present and Future – Semantic Web, Linked Data and Social Media – Part 4

admin — Sat, 09 Apr 2011 03:47:51 +0000

George Thomas, Enterprise Architect, HHS Data.gov is deploying Semantic Web technologies and embracing Social media. Combining the collaborative power of the Social Web with the transparency of the Linked (Open Government) Data platform will enhance data quality and linking across Government information domains, considering metadata creation and data curation as 'social objects' we network around. Come to this session to listen and learn about the present and future technologies being leveraged and ideas being explored by the data.gov PMO.

Web 2.0,Social Media,Semantic Web on qwiki in #edtech20 project http://about.me/web20education Web 2.0,Social Media,Semantic Web on qwiki in #edtech20 project -...
Meta Data transporting systems in semantic web part 4 (final) PLDC/10/WE/104 DIT-08-M1-1140 DIT-08-M1-1004 DIS-08-M5-2051 DIT-08-M1-1198 DIT-08-S1-2779...
Helen Interview fo Semantic, Web 3.0, Hybrid Cities and Knowledge Cluster This is not a social networking venture. Nothing ever happens...

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Check Out the Companies That Make ReadWriteWeb Possible

admin — Tue, 05 Apr 2011 03:51:03 +0000

Check Out the Companies That Make ReadWriteWeb Possible
Our readers know ReadWriteWeb as the blog that's ahead of the technology curve. Our sponsors know us as that, too. Once a week we introduce our sponsors to our readers and let them know a little more about who they are and what they do. You can say thanks to the companies that make ReadWriteWeb happen by tweeting them (see the link below each sponsor) or following them using our Twitter list ...

Web 2.0,Social Media,Semantic Web on qwiki in #edtech20 project http://about.me/web20education

admin — Fri, 01 Apr 2011 03:46:56 +0000

Web 2.0,Social Media,Semantic Web on qwiki in #edtech20 project - free project in the clouds for teachers worldwide about.me

http://www.newlifes.com as Web 3.0 & Semantic Web & Cloud Computing computer alghoritmic controlled The inspiration for the Full-Duplex-Social Open-API Software As A Services...

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Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning: Second International Workshop, PPSWR 2004, St. Malo, France, September 6-10, 2004, Proceedings

admin — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 03:47:29 +0000

Product Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning, PPSWR 2004, held in St. Malo, France in September 2004. The 11 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. Among the topics addressed are structures in XML documents, querying and updating XML documents, invoking ontologies into the querying process, manipulating and invoking temporal no... More >>

Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning: Second International Workshop, PPSWR 2004, St. Malo, France, September 6-10, 2004, Proceedings

Semantic Web and Databases: Second International Workshop, SWDB 2004, Toronto, Canada, August 29-30, 2004, Revised Selected Papers ISBN13: 9783540245766 Condition: USED - Very Good Notes: BUY WITH...

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ACM president Wendy Hall looks back at tenure and ahead to Semantic Web

admin — Sun, 27 Mar 2011 03:46:50 +0000

ACM president Wendy Hall looks back at tenure and ahead to Semantic Web
Her successes at the organization include expanding its reach, both geographically and with women Visit website for full story...

http://www.newlifes.com as Web 3.0 & Semantic Web & Cloud Computing computer alghoritmic controlled

admin — Thu, 24 Mar 2011 03:47:23 +0000

The inspiration for the Full-Duplex-Social Open-API Software As A Services came from the same inspiration as the newlifes.com an attempt to outsource Long and short terms goals keeper using +1-? As break trough goals. A legacy to not only our ability outsource some aspects of innovation, but also to our own ability to organizing tweet and delivery your content in a Social Media Conversation..

Is there anything on the computer to help you make a semantic web.? Is there any program out there that you can type...
Helen Interview fo Semantic, Web 3.0, Hybrid Cities and Knowledge Cluster This is not a social networking venture. Nothing ever happens...

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Semantic Web and Databases: Second International Workshop, SWDB 2004, Toronto, Canada, August 29-30, 2004, Revised Selected Papers

admin — Sun, 20 Mar 2011 03:48:35 +0000

ISBN13: 9783540245766
Condition: USED - Very Good
Notes: BUY WITH CONFIDENCE, Over one million books sold! 98% Positive feedback. Compare our books, prices and service to the competition. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed

Product Description
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the Second International Workshop on Semantic Web and Databases, SWDB 2004, held in Toronto, Canada in August 2004 as a satellite workshop of VLDB 2004. The 14 revised full papers presented together with 2 papers by the invited keynote speakers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 47 submissions. Among the topics addressed are data semantics, semantic Web service... More >>

Semantic Web and Databases: Second International Workshop, SWDB 2004, Toronto, Canada, August 29-30, 2004, Revised Selected Papers

Change Management for Semantic Web Services Product DescriptionChange Management for Semantic Web Services provides a thorough...

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Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist

admin — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 03:47:43 +0000

Rearden Commerce Hires Semantic Scientist
FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Rearden Commerce announced the appointment of Adam Pease as Senior Applied Scientist. Mr. Pease will be responsible for leading Rearden Commerce’s semantic technology practices.

Helen Interview fo Semantic, Web 3.0, Hybrid Cities and Knowledge Cluster

admin — Wed, 16 Mar 2011 03:47:33 +0000

This is not a social networking venture. Nothing ever happens until people get together and build something. The new economic paradigm is not a social network, it is a Social Force-field. Get in it or stay out of the way.

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Semantic Web for Business: Cases and Applications

admin — Wed, 09 Mar 2011 03:48:42 +0000

Product Description
The Semantic Web has been around for some years with recent advances in mature technologies and applications. Lately, its development has been demonstrated in its contribution to businesses through the enhancement of e-commerce. Semantic Web for Business: Cases and Applications delivers real-life cases that illustrate the benefits of Semantic Web technologies as applied to e-business and e-commerce scenarios. Covering topics such as business integration, org... More >>

Semantic Web for Business: Cases and Applications

Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...
Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges Despite...

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Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges

admin — Wed, 09 Mar 2011 03:48:39 +0000

Semantic Technologies Bear Fruit In Spite of Development Challenges
Despite the complexities associated with semantic technologies, efforts to adopt the approach for drug development are bearing fruit, according to several presentations at last week's Conference on Semantics in Healthcare and Life Sciences in Cambridge, Mass.

Meta Data transporting systems in semantic web part 4 (final)

admin — Tue, 08 Mar 2011 03:47:26 +0000

PLDC/10/WE/104 DIT-08-M1-1140 DIT-08-M1-1004 DIS-08-M5-2051 DIT-08-M1-1198 DIT-08-S1-2779

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Web-Based Service identifies differences in XML documents.

admin — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 03:47:50 +0000

Web-Based Service identifies differences in XML documents.
Designed to mitigate risks inherent to changes in data, VTXcompare(TM) XML Compare Utility Service compares semantic equivalency of 2 or more XML documents, records only meaningful differences, and ignores inconsequential differences such as XML order, system IDs, system keys, or ignorable whitespace. Built on Microsoft's .NET technology, VTXcompare applies logic that incorporates use of pre ...

Semantic CMS for web 3.0

admin — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 03:47:48 +0000

Presentation of a semantic web page. Free tool for its creation is on idobi.ru

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Change Management for Semantic Web Services

admin — Sat, 26 Feb 2011 03:49:01 +0000

Product Description
Change Management for Semantic Web Services provides a thorough analysis of change management in the lifecycle of services for databases and workflows, including changes that occur at the individual service level or at the aggregate composed service level. This book describes taxonomy of changes that are expected in semantic service oriented environments. The process of change management consists of detecting, propagating, and reacting to changes. Change Management ... More >>

Change Management for Semantic Web Services

Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications Product DescriptionOntology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and...

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Elevator Pitch for Semantic Web (Sandro Hawke, W3C)

admin — Sun, 20 Feb 2011 03:47:11 +0000

SemanticWeb.com asked for elevator pitches, giving our views of what the Semantic Web is. For the fun of it, I decided to take it literally. If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up and pass it around. If this vision intrigues you, you can talk about on semantic-web@w3.org, or in the comments on my related blog post at decentralyze.com

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Is there anything on the computer to help you make a semantic web.?

admin — Sun, 20 Feb 2011 03:47:08 +0000

Is there any program out there that you can type in the things you need info on and it basically build the semantic web for you

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UK’s Top “Web Economy” Technology Companies to Visit Silicon Valley

admin — Sat, 19 Feb 2011 03:48:05 +0000

UK’s Top "Web Economy" Technology Companies to Visit Silicon Valley
A select group of the UK’s most successful, fast-growing technology companies have been awarded the opportunity to take part in a trade mission to Silicon Valley in the US. For one week they will showcase their unique technologies and work towards opening up their businesses to an international market.

Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications

admin — Tue, 15 Feb 2011 03:47:19 +0000

Product Description
Ontology Managememt provides an up-to-date, scientifically correct, concise and easy-to-read reference on this topic. The book includes relevant tasks, practical and theoretical challenges, limitations and methodologies, plus available tooling support. The editors discuss integrating the conceptual and technical dimensions with a business view on using ontologies, stressing the cost dimension of ontology engineering and offering guidance on how to derive ontologies ... More >>

Ontology Management: Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications

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Semantic Web 001

admin — Sat, 12 Feb 2011 03:47:47 +0000

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Semantic Text Startup Reads and Summarizes Documents for You

admin — Thu, 10 Feb 2011 03:46:51 +0000

Semantic Text Startup Reads and Summarizes Documents for You
The Spark of Genius Series highlights a unique feature of startups and is made possible by Microsoft BizSpark . If you would like to have your st …

Latent Semantic Indexing Writing – Employing LSI Keywords to Achieve Higher Page Ranking in the Sear

admin — Sun, 06 Feb 2011 03:49:11 +0000

Latent Semantic Indexing Writing - Employing LSI Keywords to Achieve Higher Page Ranking in the Sear

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Home Page > Writing > Copywriting > Latent Semantic Indexing Writing - Employing LSI Keywords to Achieve Higher Page Ranking in the Sear

Latent Semantic Indexing Writing - Employing LSI Keywords to Achieve Higher Page Ranking in the Sear

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Posted: Nov 26, 2009 |

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Latent Semantic Indexing

It is a new concept that converts the natural human language words into mathematical language that is easily understood by computers. The online marketing competition is getting intense with each passing day as more and more business owners are turning their attention to net, to increase their business revenues. The stiffer competition has made it necessary to develop a new means of web access, to rank the websites as per their quality. Employing LSI Keywords to stay at the top of the search engine results is a part of this new concept.

What Are LSI Keywords?

Normally the search engine follows the main keyword and takes note of its density and placement in the content body. This is a narrow and constricted approach that basically depends upon single keyword to track the site or page and in process limits the search potential of the search engine. The Latent Semantic Indexing overcomes this drawback by allowing the search engine to use LSI keywords, effectively to get higher page ranking.

Using LSI Keywords Properly

Basically Latent Semantic Indexing concept is about using synonyms of the main keyword to provide greater visibility and variety to the content matter on the site. The rich variation in the content style gives it a broader and unique outlook, which is what the engine spider is always looking for to index and give it a higher page ranking. The use of related keywords or phrases gives the content, the increased opportunity to be accessed by more visitors. This is because, all visitors will not type in the same keyword, but from the set of related keywords, which they think will be appropriate to take them to the concerned site. Wider the range of related keywords, higher page ranking the site gets in the Latent Semantic Indexing system, because more number of surfers will hit the site and stay longer in it, engrossed in its’ engaging content. Hence Latent Semantic Indexing gives the site greater visibility on the net.

LSI Keywords Are better Than Single Keyword

In Latent Semantic Indexing, the use of multiple related keywords or phrases along with main keywords is preferred over the single keyword. Keyword density is of no importance in this form of search engine language. Rather it crucial to maintain a good content flow in which, all the keywords or phrases relate well with each other and the content.

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What is the quickest white hat method of getting a website to number one on search engine rankings for a relevant keyword?
I need to make my site in google search engines first page for one specific keyword search how can i please give me a responce

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Latest Semantic Web Auctions

admin — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 03:50:46 +0000

Hey, check out these auctions:

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Semantic web Project.mp4

admin — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 03:50:45 +0000

"Health Care for Smart Home " is a project done as part of my coursework for knowledge discovery and management at University of Missouri - Kansas City spring 2010.

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How To Use Relevance In Your Web Content

admin — Sun, 30 Jan 2011 03:48:13 +0000

How To Use Relevance In Your Web Content

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How To Use Relevance In Your Web Content

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If you really want to know how to use relevance in your web content for any page on your website, and write content for your website that cannot be misconstrued, you have to open your eyes and look at what you are writing. I have read so much hysterical tripe online, even on the first page of Google from reasonably respected websites, that I despair for the intelligence of many people.

Given that their sites are not at #1 - #5 due to a lack of ability or intelligence, then I also despair for their honesty. Who really cares about complex mathematical equations? This big term 'Latent Semantic Indexing', or LSI for short, is a meaningless term for webmasters and they should not even be bothering with it, let alone contemplating teaching you about it.

I have a page on my website telling you what it is not! Perhaps more people should read that. In fact, the Google algorithm contains an element of Latent Semantic Analysis, there is no such a term as LSI, and you certainly can't make your website LSI compliant, since that term indicates a total ignorance in what it actually is. Any statistical mathematician can tell you that! It's pretty basic.

Here's a heads up on how to keep relevance to your topic and keywords, or to phrase it another way, maintain contextually relevant content on your web pages. 'Phrasing it another way' is a good way, in fact, to maintain that relevance without repetition. This is what Google likely mean by LSI (a misnomer in any case), since it works perfectly for me.

The first thing you have to do when writing content for your website is to determine your keyword or phrase. To me 'Relevance in your Web content' is a keyword. OK? That's normal accepted terminology. Your keyword can be a single word or a long phrase - what is called a 'long-tailed keyword'. Decide on the keyword you are using, then use THAT as the title of your web page. Use the Title html tags for it, and put it in H1 tags at the top of your web page.

Now study that keyword very carefully, and break it down into its components. Is their any way that an alien using a dictionary for every word could come down to earth and misinterpret the meaning of your keyword? If so be aware of the fact, and immediately put the alien right in the very first sentence of your article or page content. Here are two examples. Once is very commonly used on the web and the other is not. Have you spotted the second already? It is in this article! Now the first:

Take the keyword 'How to Train German Shepherds'. Great - good keyword, lots of demand and it makes a good title. However, let's break it down. In the Concise Oxford Dictionary, 'german' can mean having both parents the same, and shepherd is somebody who tends sheep. So your alien could believe that your article is about a shepherd tending his flock with two parents the same. Illogical? Perhaps. Semantically correct: certainly. So now, for the alien read the Google algorithm.

Your job is telling the alien exactly what you mean by your use of words. First, you might mention the German canine - so the alien does his thing and comes up with one of the front teeth of a person from Germany. Get the drift? So-called LSI has nothing to do with it. You have to write using vocabulary that explains exactly, and incontrovertibly, what the subject of your page is.

In your first sentence use 'dogs', 'Germany' perhaps, Alsatian, dog training, puppy, and so on so that when put together the meaning is obvious. Leave that till the last paragraph and the spider will be off wondering why you are trying to train a shepherd with two similar parents that have front teeth - and wear dog collars! Perhaps they are German vicars!

Write using as much text as is reasonable and normal in your article that describes the true meaning of your page, and the message it is conveying. Don't overuse your keyword: in the title, first 100 characters and last paragraph is enough, plus once each 400 words. Certainly not 3% - 15 times in a 500 word page? That's spamming and you will not be listed. The algorithm is looking for no more times that you would use in speech or normal writing: the rest should be of similar meaning. Use a thesaurus: thesaurus.com is a good reference.

OK? Get the idea. Now for another twist to this. Check out my title again. "How to Use Relevance in Your Web Content". You know what I mean and I know what I mean, but we don't determine the listing position of this article on a search engine. What does? A spider!

What does a spider think of when it sees the juxtaposition of the words 'Web' and 'Content'?

You don't have to be 'Fly for white guy' to work that one out. Use the first paragraph to begin your explanation, so that the spider isn't salivating thinking that your article is relevant to its dinner!

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TrialX Wins ISWC 2009 Semantic Web Challenge

admin — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 03:53:29 +0000

Announcement for Winner of ISWC 2009 Semantic Web Challenge

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Latest Semantic Web Auctions

admin — Mon, 24 Jan 2011 03:52:48 +0000

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SEMANTIC WEB- ISWC 20 - YUE PAN, ET AL. PETER F. PATEL-SCHNEIDER (PAPERBACK) NEW

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Web Content, SEO, LSI, and the New Google Patent

admin — Sun, 23 Jan 2011 03:47:09 +0000

So you've optimized your web content for your niche keyword terms, made sure you use those terms in the meta title, the meta keywords, meta description, H tags, top of the page, bottom of the page, and scattered throughout the Web page. You've spent weeks getting links with your keywords in the anchor text. You've blogged and pinged, tagged and pinged, posted to forums, and prayed, "Please Google, list my site as #1 for my main keywords!"

And then somebody just had to mention the new Google patent and latent semantic indexing (LSI) and how it will affect your search engine optimization (SEO).

Latent what?

Like many, you're probably just starting to hear about LSI. So what the heck is it?

Latent semantic indexing, or LSI, is a way for Google to determine whether a web page is really about the keywords you've stuffed into it.

If you're in to black hat SEO, this is probably making you nervous. It used to be that you could rank pretty well with just on-page search engine optimization. Sprinkle the right keywords in the right places in your Web content and Bam! You're at the top of the search engine results.

Then it started to get more difficult. You had to get many other sites to link to you with your keywords in the anchor text (the link text). And if the sites or pages linking to your site were on the same theme, that was best too.

But then the spam sites took over -- millions of junk blogs (splogs) stuffed full of scraped keyword-rich Web content that often wasn't even very readable for humans. It got so that the top search engine results for any keyword were often these junk sites. Imagine if you were Google. Wouldn't you start to worry whether people would stop using your search engine if you couldn't deliver the Web content they were really looking for?

The new Google patent indicates that Google is now using (or intends to use) new algorithms to try to weed out the black hat SEO spam sites. Latent semantic indexing is one way of doing that. For any given topic, you can calculate what other words and even ideas you would expect to see in the content on the web page and even on the web site. You can even calculate how often they should appear, what phrases should appear, etc.

If a keyword appears many times on a page, but an LSI analysis indicates the page does not really seem to naturally be about that topic, it is not going to rank high in Google's search engine results any more. And if the keyword-rich links leading to a page indicate that the Web content should be about something other than what LSI indicates it is actually about, it is not going to rank high in Google's results either.

So what can you do in an age when it's hard to fool your way to the top of Google's listings for your keywords?

This may sound overly simplistic, but maybe you should actually just write normal Web content about the topic! After all, that's really what Google wants to see and it's really what the people who surf to your Web site want to see. Maybe you should give it to them, if you're not already. Instead of trying to trick Google, provide great Web content that is naturally written about the topic. Without even trying, the words that Google would expect to be on the page with your keywords will just naturally be there. After all, they are comparing your page to their analysis of other real content on the topic.

When the Web first came into being, people wrote about whatever they wanted to write about, and people looking for that topic found those sites. But then people started playing tricks, almost ruining the search engines. Now things have gone full circle. The pages that are really most about a given topic will start to be the ones that show up at the top of the search engine results. Search engine users will be happy, Google will be happy, and you just might find it's easier and faster to produce natural Web content than to spend all of your time trying to trick Google.

Mike Adams -
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Mike Adams is a pioneer in the application of technology for online commerce. He invented the PC's first permission email marketing software application in 1993 and founded Arial Software - now considered one of the most successful permission-based email software firms in the world.

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Meta Data transporting systems in semantic web part 3

admin — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 03:49:50 +0000

PLDC/10/WE/104 DIT-08-M1-1140 DIT-08-M1-1004 DIS-08-M5-2051 DIT-08-M1-1198 DIT-08-S1-2779

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Latent Semantic Indexing And SEO. . .

admin — Sun, 16 Jan 2011 03:48:06 +0000

Indexing has always been considered a highly targeted science. Enter a search query into Google search and the pages that are displayed are generally optimized towards that exact word or term. However, in their continual battle to server the most relevant but most natural pages with genuinely useful information Google has injected latent semantic indexing (LSI) into its algorithms.

What Is LSI? LSI is a unique indexing method that potentially takes Google search one step closer to becoming human in its way of thinking. If we were to manually search through web pages to find information related to a given search term we would be likely to generate our own results based on the theme of the site, rather than whether a word exists or doesn't exist on the page. Why Search Engines Might Adopt Latent Semantic Indexing The extremely rigid form of "keyword indexing" also meant that black hat SEO techniques were easier to implement. Search engines could be manipulated into ranking a site highly by using set formula.

Originally, cramming a page with a particular keyword or set of keywords meant a site would rank highly for that search term. The proceeding set of algorithms ensured that your link profile played more of an important part than your keyword density. Reciprocal linking soon followed once again making it possible to manipulate the search engine spiders by exchanging links with tens, hundreds, or thousands of websites. Reciprocal linking was soon beaten as Google and to a lesser extent Yahoo and MSN gave less credence to a reciprocal link as they did to a one-way inbound link. Latent Semantic Indexing is another, particularly powerful, method to try and make their result pages appear more natural with natural pages filled with natural content.

The Effects The introduction of LSI has seen some dramatic changes in the search engine result pages already. Sites that had previously performed well because of an impressive link profile based on a single keyword have found their pages slip in the rankings. Other pages with a more diverse portfolio of inbound links are taking the lead with search terms for which they had not previously performed. SEO is far from dead because of LSI, in fact if anything, it has probably increased the need for professional white-hat SEO on your website. The field of SEO, though, has almost certainly changed. Website content copywriting for Google's benefit is not merely made up of keyword density and keyword placement as it once was and link-building techniques will need to change to incorporate LSI algorithms but it can be done.

Writing Content For LSI If optimizing solely for Google then a web page can, theoretically, be naturally written and naturally worded. When we write we instinctively include the appropriate keyword in our text. In order to avoid repetition (or keyword optimization, as it was once called) we would often alter some instances of these keywords for other words with the same or very similar meaning. We naturally include the plural or singular form of a keyword as well as different tenses and a number of different stems of that keyword. In the eyes of LSI algorithms this is all good news. Looking At Your Link Profile A link profile should no longer consist of thousands of links with the same anchor text (that of your primary keyword).

There's no reason to panic if you already have this kind of profile. Instead you should look at relevant and similar terms and improve your link profile by gaining links using these as your anchor text. What It Offers Web Searchers From the point of view of web searchers, LSI offers some distinct advantages over its earlier form of indexing. For example, LSI recognizes that the word "engine" in "search engine optimization" is not related to searches for terms like "steam engine" or "locomotive engine" and is instead related to Internet marketing topics. In theory, LSI results give a much more accurate page of results as well as providing a broader range of pages still geared towards a particular topic. Where Google Leads, Others Generally Follow It is widely acknowledged that Google is the search engine at the forefront of latent semantic indexing.

On the whole they try to generate results pages that are literally filled with genuine, useful results and LSI certainly provides another string in their bow. Yahoo and MSN, for now, seem more than happy to go along with keyword specific indexing although Yahoo are known to look at singular and plural keyword variations as well as keyword stemming when judging keyword density. The Effect On Your Website How it affects the individual Webmaster is dependent on how they go about promoting their site already.

If the pages are filled with natural content including keywords and keyword alternatives, and the link profile is similarly diversified for a number of related keywords then the fact is it won't change very much. However, if all of your efforts have been concentrated, either on-page or off-page, with a single keyword then it's time to readdress the balance. Did you find this article useful? For more useful tips and hints, points to ponder and keep in mind, techniques, and insights pertaining to credit card, do please browse for more information at our websites. http://www.yoursgoogleincome.com http://www.freeearningtip.com

Yusuf Shaikh -
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Hi my name is Yusuf Shaikh from mumbai.

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Implementing Semantic Web Services: The SESA Framework

admin — Thu, 13 Jan 2011 03:49:21 +0000

Product Description
In this book, Dieter Fensel and his qualified team lay the foundation for understanding the Semantic Web Services infrastructure, aimed at eliminating human intervention and thus allowing for seamless integration of information systems. They focus on the currently most advanced SWS infrastructure, namely SESA and related work such as the Web Services Execution Environment (WSMX) activities and the Semantic Execution Environment (OASIS SEE TC) standardization effort.... More >>

Implementing Semantic Web Services: The SESA Framework

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Applied Innovations (Semantic Web technologies in Practical Use)

admin — Tue, 11 Jan 2011 03:46:55 +0000

DERI and the Applied Innovations Group (DAI) present Applied Innovations (Semantic Web technologies in Practical Use). DAI uses technologies from all the research being carried out at DERI. dai.deri.ie

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Critical Analysis Of Web Crawlers’ Algorithms

admin — Sun, 09 Jan 2011 03:47:23 +0000

Critical Analysis of Web Crawlers' Algorithms

Minou Parhizkar 0527553

Abstract- A web crawler is a program or automated script which browses the World Wide Web in a methodical, automated manner. The objective of the paper is to make a make a critical analysis of the algorithms used by Web Crawlers. It intends to review and evaluate the different and various approaches to the methods used by the different web search engines to catalog the information.

Index Terms-

Web Crawler, Search Engines, WWW, SEO

•I. INTRODUCTION

The software that searches for information and returns sites which provide that information is referred to as a search engine or web crawler. Everyone uses web crawlers-indirectly, at least! Every time you search the Internet using a service such as Alta Vista, Excite, or Lycos, you're making use of an index that's based on the output of a web crawler. Web crawlers-also known as spiders, robots, or wanderers-are software programs that automatically traverse the Web. Search engines use crawlers to find what's on the Web; then they construct an index of the pages that were found.

Search Engines use spiders to index websites. When you submit your website pages to a search engine by completing their required submission page, the search engine spider will index your entire site. A ‘spider' is an automated program that is run by the search engine system. Spider visits a web site, read the content on the actual site, the site's Meta tags and also follow the links that the site connects. The spider then returns all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. It will visit each link you have on your website and index those sites as well. Some spiders will only index a certain number of pages on your site.

A spider is almost like a book where it contains the table of contents, the actual content and the links and references for all the websites it finds during its search, and it may index up to a million pages a day.

Example: Google spider

When you ask a search engine to locate information, it is actually searching through the index which it has created and not actually searching the Web. Different search engines produce different rankings because not every search engine uses the same algorithm to search through the indices.

One of the things that a search engine algorithm scans for is the frequency and location of keywords on a web page, but it can also detect artificial keyword stuffing or spamdexing. Then the algorithms analyze the way that pages link to other pages in the Web. By checking how pages link to each other, an engine can both determine what a page is about, if the keywords of the linked pages are similar to the keywords on the original page. Most of the top-ranked search engines are crawler based search engines while some may be based on human compiled directories. The people behind the search engines want the same thing every webmaster wants - traffic to their site. Since their content is mainly links to other sites, the thing for them to do is to make their search engine bring up the most relevant sites to the search query, and to display the best of these results first. In order to accomplish this, they use a complex set of rules called algorithms. When a search query is submitted at a search engine, sites are determined to be relevant or not relevant to the search query according to these algorithms, and then ranked in the order it calculates from these algorithms to be the best matches first.

Search engines keep their algorithms secret and change them often in order to prevent webmasters from manipulating their databases and dominating search results. They also want to provide new sites at the top of the search results on a regular basis rather than always having the same old sites show up month after month. An important difference to realize is that search engines and directories are not the same. Search engines use a spider to "crawl" the web and the web sites they find, as well as submitted sites. As they crawl the web, they gather the information that is used by their algorithms in order to rank your site.

This paper aims at critically analyzing various search engineers, how they work and comparing their algorithms.

•II. Working of web crawlers - a detailed look up

Let us now look at a more detailed explanation on how Search Engines work. Crawler based search engines are primarily composed of three parts.

A search engine robot's action is called spidering, as it resembles the multiple legged spiders. The spider's job is to go to a web page, read the contents, connect to any other pages on that web site through links, and bring back the information. From one page it will travel to several pages and this proliferation follows several parallel and nested paths simultaneously. Spiders frequent the site at some interval, may be a month to a few months, and re-index the pages. This way any changes that may have occurred in your pages could also be reflected in the index. The spiders automatically visit your web pages and create their listings. An important aspect is to study what factors promote "deep crawl" - the depth to which the spider will go into your website from the page it first visited. Listing 'submitting or registering' with a search engine is a step that could accelerate and increase the chances of that engine "spidering" your pages.

The spider's movement across web pages stores those pages in its memory, but the key action is in indexing. The index is a huge database containing all the information brought back by the spider. The index is constantly being updated as the spider collects more information. The entire page is not indexed and the searching and page-ranking algorithm is applied only to the index that has been created. Most search engines claim that they index the full visible body text of a page. In a subsequent section, we explain the key considerations to ensure that indexing of your web pages improves relevance during search. The combined understanding of the indexing and the page-ranking process will lead to developing the right strategies. The Meta tags ‘Description' and ‘Keywords' have a vital role as they are indexed in a specific way. Some of the top search engines do not index the keywords that they consider spam. They will also not index certain 'stop words' (commonly used words such as ‘a' or ‘the' or ‘of'" so as to save space or speed up the process. Images are obviously not indexed, but image descriptions or Alt text or "text within comments" is included in the index by some search engines.

The search engine software or program is the final part. When a person requests a search on a keyword or phrase, the search engine software searches the index for relevant information. The software then provides a report back to the searcher with the most relevant web pages listed first. The algorithm-based processes used to determine ranking of results are discussed in greater detail later.

These directories compile listings of websites into specific industry and subject categories and they usually carry a short description about the website. Inclusion in directories is a human task and requires submission to the directory producers. Visitors and researchers over the net quite often use these directories to locate relevant sites and information sources. Thus directories assist in structured search. Another important reason is that crawler engines quite often find websites to crawl through their listing and links in directories. Yahoo and The Open Directory are amongst the largest and most well known directories. LookSmart is a directory that provides results to partner sites such as MSN Search, Excite and others. Lycos is an example of a site that pioneered the search engine but shifted to the Directory model depending on AlltheWeb.com for its listings.

Hybrid Search Engines are both crawler based as well as human powered. In plain words, these search engines have two sets of listings based on both the mechanisms mentioned above. The best example of hybrid search engines is Yahoo, which has got a human powered directory as well as a Search toolbar administered by Google. Although, such engines provide both listings they are generally dominated by one of the two mechanisms. Yahoo is known more for its directory rather than crawler based search engine.

Search engines rank web pages according to the software's understanding of the web page's relevancy to the term being searched. To determine relevancy, each search engine follows its own group of rules. The most important rules are.

- The location of keywords on your web page; and - How often those keywords appear on the page ‘the frequency'

For example, if the keyword appears in the title of the page, then it would be considered to be far more relevant than the keyword appearing in the text at the bottom of the page. Search engines consider keywords to be more relevant if they appear sooner on the page (like in the headline) rather than later. The idea is that you'll be putting the most important words - the ones that really have the relevant information - on the page first.

Search engines also consider the frequency with which keywords appear. The frequency is usually determined by how often the keywords are used out of all the words on a page. If the keyword is used 4 times out of 100 words, the frequency would be 4%. Of course, you can now develop the perfect relevant page with one keyword at 100% frequency - just put a single word on the page and make it the title of the page as well. Unfortunately, the search engines don't make things that simple.

While all search engines do follow the same basic rules of relevancy, location and frequency, each search engine has its own special way of determining rankings. To make things more interesting, the search engines change the rules from time to time so that the rankings change even if the web pages have remained the same. One method of determining relevancy used by some search engines ‘like HotBot and Infoseek', but not others ‘like Lycos', is the Meta tags. Meta tags are hidden HTML codes that provide the search engine spiders with potentially important information like the page description and the page keywords.

Meta tags are often labeled as the secret to getting high rankings, but Meta tags alone will not get you a top 10 ranking. On the other hand, they certainly don't hurt. Detailed information on meta-tags and other ways of improving search engine ranking is given later in this chapter.

In the early days of the web, webmasters would repeat a keyword hundreds of times in the Meta tags and then add it hundreds of times to the text on the web page by making it the same color as the background. However, now, major search engines have algorithms that may exclude a page from ranking if it has resorted to "keyword spamming"; in fact some search engines will downgrade ranking in such cases and penalize the page.

Link analysis and ‘clickthrough' measurement are certain other factors that are "off the page" and yet crucial in the ranking mechanism adopted by some leading search engines. This is quickly emerging as the most important determinant of ranking, but before we study this, we must first look at the most popular search engines and then look at the various steps you can take to improve your success at each of the stages - spidering, indexing and ranking.

For March 2003, according to a study by Jupiter Media Metrix, there were an estimated 114 million Internet users online in the US at work or at home, 80 percent of whom are estimated to have made some type of search request during the month.

•III. a summarised comparison OF SEARCH engines

Yahoo!

been in the search game for many years. is better than MSN but nowhere near as good as Google at determining if a link is a natural citation or not. has a ton of internal content and a paid inclusion program. both of which give them incentive to bias search results toward commercial results things like cheesy off topic reciprocal links still work great in Yahoo!

MSN Search

new to the search game is bad at determining if a link is natural or artificial in nature due to sucking at link analysis they place too much weight on the page content their poor relevancy algorithms cause a heavy bias toward commercial results likes bursty recent links new sites that are generally un-trusted in other systems can rank quickly in MSN Search things like cheesy off topic reciprocal links still work great in MSN Search

Google

has been in the search game a long time, and saw the web graph when it is much cleaner than the current web graph is much better than the other engines at determining if a link is a true editorial citation or an artificial link looks for natural link growth over time heavily biases search results toward informational resources trusts old sites way too much a page on a site or sub-domain of a site with significant age or link related trust can rank much better than it should, even with no external citations they have aggressive duplicate content filters that filter out many pages with similar content if a page is obviously focused on a term they may filter the document out for that term. on page variation and link anchor text variation are important. a page with a single reference or a few references of a modifier will frequently outrank pages that are heavily focused on a search phrase containing that modifier crawl depth determined not only by link quantity, but also link quality. Excessive low quality links may make your site less likely to be crawled deep or even included in the index. things like cheesy off topic reciprocal links are generally ineffective in Google when you consider the associated opportunity cost

Ask

looks at topical communities due to their heavy emphasis on topical communities they are slow to rank sites until they are heavily cited from within their topical community due to their limited market share they probably are not worth paying much attention to unless you are in a vertical where they have a strong brand that drives significant search traffic

•IV. Detailed Analysis of Search Engines

Now that we have understood the working and basics of web crawlers and reviewed a summarized comparison of a few major search engines out in the market, now we are in a position to have a detailed analysis and comparison between these and get into nitty gritty technical details. The sections below will deal with each of these engines one by one with a detailed analysis.

•V. Yahoo!

Yahoo! was founded in 1994 by David Filo and Jerry Yang as a directory of websites. For many years they outsourced their search service to other providers, but by the end of 2002 they realized the importance and value of search and started aggressively acquiring search companies.

Overture purchased AllTheWeb and AltaVista. Yahoo! purchased Inktomi (in December 2002) and then consumed Overture (in July of 2003), and combined the technologies from the various search companies they bought to make a new search engine.

•a) On Page Content

Yahoo! offers a paid inclusion program, so when Yahoo! Search users click on high ranked paid inclusion results in the organic search results Yahoo! profits. In part to make it easy for paid inclusion participants to rank, I believe Yahoo! places greater weight on on-the-page content than a search engine like Google does.

Being the #1 content destination site on the web, Yahoo! has a boatload of their own content which they frequently reference in the search results. Since they have so much of their own content and make money from some commercial organic search results it might make sense for them to bias their search results a bit toward commercial websites.

Using descriptive page titles and page content goes a long way in Yahoo!

In my opinion their results seem to be biased more toward commerce than informational sites, when compared with Google.

•b) Crawling

Yahoo! is pretty good at crawling sites deeply so long as they have sufficient link popularity to get all their pages indexed. One note of caution is that Yahoo! may not want to deeply index sites with many variables in the URL string, especially since

Yahoo! already has a boatload of their own content they would like to promote (including verticals like Yahoo! Shopping) Yahoo! offers paid inclusion, which can help Yahoo! increase revenue by charging merchants to index some of their deep database contents.

You can use Yahoo! Site Explorer to see how well they are indexing your site and which sites link at your site.

•c) Query Processing

Certain words in a search query are better at defining the goals of the searcher. If you search Yahoo! for something like "how to SEO " many of the top ranked results will have "how to" and "SEO" in the page titles, which might indicate that Yahoo! puts quite a bit of weight even on common words that occur in the search query.

Yahoo! seems to be more about text matching when compared to Google, which seems to be more about concept matching.

•d) Link Reputation

Yahoo! is still fairly easy to manipulate using low to mid quality links and somewhat to aggressively focused anchor text. Rand Fishken recently posted about many Technorati pages ranking well for their core terms in Yahoo!. Those pages primarily have the exact same anchor text in almost all of the links pointing at them.

Sites with the trust score of Technorati may be able to get away with more unnatural patterns than most webmasters can, but I have seen sites flamethrown with poorly mixed anchor text on low quality links, only to see the sites rank pretty well in Yahoo! quickly.

•e) Page vs Site

A few years ago at a Search Engine Strategies conference Jon Glick stated that Yahoo! looked at both links to a page and links to a site when determining the relevancy of a page. Pages on newer sites can still rank well even if their associated domain does not have much trust built up yet so long as they have some descriptive inbound links.

•f) Site Age

Yahoo! may place some weight on older sites, but the effect is nowhere near as pronounced as the effect in Google's SERPs.

It is not unreasonable for new sites to rank in Yahoo! in as little as 2 or 3 months.

•g) Paid Search

Yahoo! prices their ads in an open auction, with the highest bidder ranking the highest. By early 2007 they aim to make Yahoo! Search Marketing more of a closed system which factors in clickthrough rate (and other algorithmic factors) into their ad ranking algorithm.

Yahoo! also offers a paid inclusion program which charges a flat rate per click to list your site in Yahoo!'s organic search results.

Yahoo! also offers a contextual ad network. The Yahoo! Publisher program does not have the depth that Google's ad system has, and they seem to be trying to make up for that by biasing their targeting to more expensive ads, which generally causes their syndicated ads to have a higher click cost but lower average clickthrough rate.

•h) Editorial

Yahoo! has many editorial elements to their search product. When a person pays for Yahoo! Search Submit that content is reviewed to ensure it matches Yahoo!'s quality guidelines. Sites submitted to the Yahoo! Directory are reviewed for quality as well.

In addition to those two forms of paid reviews, Yahoo! also frequently reviews their search results in many industries. For competitive search queries some of the top search results may be hand coded. If you search for Viagra, for example, the top 5 listings looked useful, and then I had to scroll down to #82 before I found another result that wasn't spammy.

Yahoo! also manually reviews some of the spammy categories somewhat frequently and then reviews other samples of their index. Sometimes you will see a referral like http://corp.yahoo-inc.com/project/health-blogs/keepers if they reviewed your site and rated it well.

Sites which have been editorially reviewed and were of decent quality may be given a small boost in relevancy score. Sites which were reviewed and are of poor quality may be demoted in relevancy or removed from the search index.

Yahoo! has published their content quality guidelines. Some sites that are filtered out of search results by automated algorithms may return if the site cleans up the associated problems, but typically if any engine manually reviews your site and removes it for spamming you have to clean it up and then plead your case.

•i) Social Aspects

Yahoo! firmly believes in the human aspect of search. They paid many millions of dollars to buy Del.icio.us, a social bookmarking site. They also have a similar product native to Yahoo! called My Yahoo!

Yahoo! has also pushed a question answering service called Yahoo! Answers which they heavily promote in their search results and throughout their network. Yahoo! Answers allows anyone to ask or answer questions. Yahoo! is also trying to mix amateur content from Yahoo! Answers with professionally sourced content in verticals such as Yahoo! Tech.

•j) Yahoo! SEO Tools

Yahoo! has a number of useful SEO tools.

Overture Keyword Selector Tool - shows prior month search volumes across Yahoo! and their search network. Overture View Bids Tool - displays the top ads and bid prices by keyword in the Yahoo! Search Marketing ad network. Yahoo! Site Explorer - shows which pages Yahoo! has indexed from a site and which pages they know of that link at pages on your site. Yahoo! Mindset - shows you how Yahoo! can bias search results more toward informational or commercial search results. Yahoo! Advanced Search Page - makes it easy to look for .edu and .gov backlinks Yahoo! Buzz - shows current popular searches

•k) Yahoo! Business Perspectives

Being the largest content site on the web makes Yahoo! run into some inefficiency issues due to being a large internal customer. For example, Yahoo! Shopping was a large link buyer for a period of time while Yahoo! Search pushed that they didn't agree with link buying. Offering paid inclusion and having so much internal content makes it make sense for Yahoo! to have a somewhat commercial bias to their search results.

They believe strongly in the human and social aspects of search, pushing products like Yahoo! Answers and My Yahoo!.

I think Yahoo!'s biggest weakness is the diverse set of things that they do. In many fields they not only have internal customers, but in some fields they have product duplication, like with Yahoo! My Web and Del.icio.us.

•l) Search Marketing Perspective

I believe if you do standard textbook SEO practices and actively build quality links it is reasonable to expect to be able to rank well in Yahoo! within 2 or 3 months. If you are trying to rank for highly spammed keyword phrases keep in mind that the top 5 or so results may be editorially selected, but if you use longer tail search queries or look beyond the top 5 for highly profitable terms you can see that many people are indeed still spamming them to bits.

As Yahoo! pushes more of their vertical offerings it may make sense to give your site and brand additional exposure to Yahoo!'s traffic by doing things like providing a few authoritative answers to topically relevant questions on Yahoo! Answers.

•VI. Msn Search

MSN Search had many incarnations, being powered by the likes of Inktomi and Looksmart for a number of years. After Yahoo! bought Inktomi and Overture it was obvious to Microsoft that they needed to develop their own search product. They launched their technology preview of their search engine around July 1st of 2004. They formally switched from Yahoo! organic search results to their own in house technology on January 31st, 2005.

•a) On Page Content

Using descriptive page titles and page content goes a long way to help you rank in MSN. I have seen examples of many domains that ranked for things like

state name+ insurance type + insurance

on sites that were not very authoritative which only had a few instances of state name and insurance as the anchor text. Adding the word health, life, etc. to the page title made the site relevant for those types of insurance, in spite of the site having few authoritative links and no relevant anchor text for those specific niches.

Additionally, internal pages on sites like those can rank well for many relevant queries just by being hyper focused, but MSN currently drives little traffic when compared with the likes of Google.

•b) Crawling

MSN has got better at crawling, but I still think Yahoo! and Google are much better at crawling. It is best to avoid session IDs, sending bots cookies, or using many variables in the URL strings. MSN is nowhere near as comprehensive as Yahoo! or Google at crawling deeply through large sites like eBay.com or Amazon.com.

•c) Query Processing

I believe MSN might be a bit better than Yahoo! at processing queries for meaning instead of taking them quite so literally, but I do not believe they are as good as Google is at it.

While MSN offers a tool that estimates how commercial a page or query is I think their lack of ability to distinguish quality links from low quality links makes their results exceptionally biased toward commercial results.

•d) Link Reputation

By the time Microsoft got in the search game the web graph was polluted with spammy and bought links. Because of this, and Microsoft's limited crawling history, they are not as good as the other major search engines at telling the difference between real organic citations and low quality links.

MSN search reacts much more quickly than the other engines at ranking new sites due to link bursts. Sites with relatively few quality links that gain enough descriptive links are able to quickly rank in MSN. I have seen sites rank for one of the top few dozen most expensive phrases on the net in about a week.

•e) Page vs Site

I think all major search engines consider site authority when evaluating individual pages, but with MSN it seems as though you do not need to build as much site authority as you would to rank well in the other engines.

•f) Site Age

Due to MSN's limited crawling history and the web graph being highly polluted before they got into search they are not as good as the other engines at determining age related trust scores. New sites doing general textbook SEO and acquiring a few descriptive inbound links (perhaps even low quality links) can rank well in MSN within a month.

•g) Paid Search

Microsoft's paid search product, AdCenter, is the most advanced search ad platform on the web. Like Google, MSN ranks ads based on both max bid price and ad clickthrough rate. In addition to those relevancy factors MSN also allows you to place adjustable bids based on demographic details. For example, a mortgage lead from a wealthy older person might be worth more than an equivalent search from a younger and poorer person.

•h) Editorial

All major search engines have internal relevancy measurement teams. MSN seems to be highly lacking in this department, or they are trying to use the fact that their search results are spammy as a marketing angle.

MSN is running many promotional campaigns to try to get people to try out MSN Search, and in many cases some of the searches they are sending people to have bogus spam or pornography type results in them. A good example of this is when they used Stacey Kiebler to market their Celebrity Maps product. As of writing this, their top search result for Stacey Kiebler is still pure spam.

Based on MSN's lack of feedback or concern toward the obvious search spam noted above on a popular search marketing community site I think MSN is trying to automate much of their spam detection, but it is not a topic you see people talk about very often. Here are MSN's Guidelines for Successful Indexing, but they still have a lot of spam in their search results.

•i) Social Aspects

Microsoft continues to lag in understanding what the web is about. Executives there should read The Cluetrain Manifesto. Twice.Or maybe three times.

They don't get the web. They are a software company posing as a web company.

They launch many products as though they have the market stranglehold monopolies they once enjoyed, and as though they are not rapidly losing them. Many of Microsoft's most innovative moves get little coverage because when they launch key products they often launch them without supporting other browsers and trying to lock you into logging in to Microsoft.

•j) MSN SEO Tools

MSN has a wide array of new and interesting search marketing tools. Their biggest limiting factor with them is that they have limited search market share.

Some of the more interesting tools are

Keyword Search Funnel Tool - shows terms that people search for before or after they search for a particular keyword Demographic Prediction Tool - predicts the demographics of searchers by keyword or site visitors by website Online Commercial Intention Detection Tool - estimates the probability of a search query or web page being commercial, informational-transactional, or Search Result Clustering Tool - clusters search results based on related topics

You can view more of their tools under the demo section at Microsoft's Adlab.

•VII. Google Search

Google sprang out of a Stanford research project to find authoritative link sources on the web. In January of 1996 Larry Page and Sergey Brin began working on BackRub.

After they tried shopping the Google search technology to no avail they decided to set up their own search company. Within a few years of forming the company they won distribution partnerships with AOL and Yahoo! that helped build their brand as the industry leader in search. Traditionally search was viewed as a loss leader.

Google did not have a profitable business model until the third iteration of their popular AdWords advertising program in February of 2002, and was worth over 100 billion dollars by the end of 2005.

•a) On Page Content

If a phrase is obviously targeted (ie: the exact same phrase is in most of the following location: in most of your inbound links, internal links, at the start of your page title, at the beginning of your first page header, etc.) then Google may filter the document out of the search results for that phrase. Other search engines may have similar algorithms, but if they do those algorithms are not as sophisticated or aggressively deployed as those used by Google.

Google is scanning millions of books, which should help them create an algorithm that is pretty good at differentiating real text patterns from spammy manipulative text (although I have seen many garbage content cloaked pages ranking well in Google, especially for 3 and 4 word search queries).

You need to write naturally and make your copy look more like a news article than a heavily SEOed page if you want to rank well in Google. Sometimes using less occurrences of the phrase you want to rank for will be better than using more.

You also want to sprinkle modifiers and semantically related text in your pages that you want to rank well in Google.

Some of Google's content filters may look at pages on a page by page basis while others may look across a site or a section of a site to see how similar different pages on the same site are. If many pages are exceptionally similar to content on your own site or content on other sites Google may be less willing to crawl those pages and may throw them into their supplemental index. Pages in the supplemental index rarely rank well, since generally they are trusted far less than pages in the regular search index.

Duplicate content detection is not just based on some magical percentage of similar content on a page, but is based on a variety of factors. Both Bill Slawski and Todd Malicoat offer great posts about duplicate content detection. This shingles PDF explains some duplicate content detection techniques.

•b) Crawling

While Google is more efficient at crawling than competing engines, it appears as though with Google's BigDaddy update they are looking at both inbound and outbound link quality to help set crawl priority, crawl depth, and weather or not a site even gets crawled at all. To quote Matt Cutts:

The sites that fit "no pages in Bigdaddy" criteria were sites where our algorithms had very low trust in the inlinks or the outlinks of that site. Examples that might cause that include excessive reciprocal links, linking to spammy neighborhoods on the web, or link buying/selling.

In the past crawl depth was generally a function of PageRank (PageRank is a measure of link equity - and the more of it you had the better you would get indexed), but now adding in this crawl penalty for having an excessive portion of your inbound or outbound links pointing into low quality parts of the web creates an added cost which makes dealing in spammy low quality links far less appealing for those who want to rank in Google.

•c) Query Processing

While I mentioned above that Yahoo! seemed to have a bit of a bias toward commercial search results it is also worth noting that Google's organic search results are heavily biased toward informational websites and web pages.

Google is much better than Yahoo! or MSN at determining the true intent of a query and trying to match that instead of doing direct text matching. Common words like how to may be significantly deweighted compared to other terms in the search query that provide a better discrimination value.

Google and some of the other major search engines may try to answer many common related questions to the concept being searched for. For example, in a given set of search results you may see any of the following:

a relevant .gov and/or .edu document a recent news article about the topic a page from a well known directory such as DMOZ or the Yahoo! Directory a page from the Wikipedia an archived page from an authority site about the topic the authoritative document about the history of the field and recent changes a smaller hyper focused authority site on the topic a PDF report on the topic a relevant Amazon, eBay, or shopping comparison page on the topic one of the most well branded and well known niche retailers catering to that market product manufacturer or wholesaler sites a blog post / review from a popular community or blog site about a slightly broader field

Some of the top results may answer specific relevant queries or be hard to beat, while others might be easy to compete with. You just have to think of how and why each result was chosen to be in the top 10 to learn which one you will be competing against and which ones may perhaps fall away over time.

•d) Link Reputation

PageRank is a weighted measure of link popularity, but Google's search algorithms have moved far beyond just looking at PageRank.

As mentioned above, gaining an excessive number of low quality links may hurt your ability to get indexed in Google, so stay away from known spammy link exchange hubs and other sources of junk links. I still sometimes get a few junk links, but I make sure that I try to offset any junky link by getting a greater number of good links.

If your site ranks well some garbage automated links will end up linking to you weather you like it or not. Don't worry about those links, just worry about trying to get a few real high quality editorial links.

Google is much better at being able to determine the difference between real editorial citations and low quality, spammy, bought, or artificial links.

When determining link reputation Google (and other engines) may look at

link age rate of link acquisition anchor text diversity deep link ratio link source quality (based on who links to them and who else they link at) weather links are editorial citations in real content (or if they are on spammy pages or near other obviously non-editorial links) does anybody actually click on the link?

It is generally believed that .edu and .gov links are trusted highly in Google because they are generally harder to influence than the average .com link, but keep in mind that there are some junky .edu links too (I have seen stuff like .edu casino link exchange directories).

When getting links for Google it is best to look in virgin lands that have not been combed over heavily by other SEOs. Either get real editorial citations or get citations from quality sites that have not yet been abused by others. Google may strip the ability to pass link authority (even from quality sites) if those sites are known obvious link sellers or other types of link manipulators. Make sure you mix up your anchor text and get some links with semantically related text.

Google likely collects usage data via Google search, Google Analytics, Google AdWords, Google AdSense, Google news, Google accounts, Google notebook, Google calendar, Google talk, Google's feed reader, Google search history annotations, and Gmail. They also created a Firefox browser bookmark synch tool, an anti-phishing tool which is built into Firefox and have relationships with the Opera (another web browser company). Most likely they can lay some of this data over the top of the link graph to record a corroborating source of the legitimacy of the linkage data. Other search engines may also look at usage data.

•e) Page vs Site

Sites need to earn a certain amount of trust before they can rank for competitive search queries in Google. If you put up a new page on a new site and expect it to rank right away for competitive terms you are probably going to be disappointed.

If you put that exact same content on an old trusted domain and link to it from another page on that domain it can leverage the domain trust to quickly rank and bypass the concept many people call the Google Sandbox.

Many people have been exploiting this algorithmic hole by throwing up spammy subdomains on free hosting sites or other authoritative sites that allow users to sign up for a cheap or free publishing account. This is polluting Google's SERPs pretty bad, so they are going to have to make some major changes on this front pretty soon.

•f) Site Age

Google filed a patent about information retrieval based on historical data which stated many of the things they may look for when determining how much to trust a site. Many of the things I mentioned in the link section above are relevant to the site age related trust (ie: to be well trusted due to site age you need to have at least some link trust score and some age score).

I have seen some old sites with exclusively low quality links rank well in Google based primarily on their site age, but if a site is old AND has powerful links it can go a long way to helping you rank just about any page you write (so long as you write it fairly naturally).

Older trusted sites may also be given a pass on many things that would cause newer lesser trusted sites to be demoted or de-indexed.

The Google Sandbox is a concept many SEOs mention frequently. The idea of the 'box is that new sites that should be relevant struggle to rank for some queries they would be expected to rank for. While some people have debunked the existence of the sandbox as garbage, Google's Matt Cutts said in an interview that they did not intentionally create the sandbox effect, but that it was created as a side effect of their algorithms:

"I think a lot of what's perceived as the sandbox is artefacts where, in our indexing, some data may take longer to be computed than other data."

•g) Paid Search

Google AdWords factors in max bid price and clickthrough rate into their ad algorithm. In addition they automate reviewing landing page quality to use that as another factor in their ad relevancy algorithm to reduce the amount of arbitrage and other noisy signals in the AdWords program.

The Google AdSense program is an extension of Google AdWords which offers a vast ad network across many content websites that distribute contextually relevant Google ads. These ads are sold on a cost per click or flat rate CPM basis.

•h) Editorial

Google is known to be far more aggressive with their filters and algorithms than the other search engines are. They are known to throw the baby out with the bath water quite often. They flat out despise relevancy manipulation, and have shown they are willing to trade some short term relevancy if it guides people along toward making higher quality content.

Short term if your site is filtered out of the results during an update it may be worth looking into common footprints of sites that were hurt in that update, but it is probably not worth changing your site structure and content format over one update if you are creating true value add content that is aimed at your customer base. Sometimes Google goes too far with their filters and then adjusts them back.

Google published their official webmaster guidelines and their thoughts on SEO. Matt Cutts is also known to publish SEO tips on his personal blog. Keep in mind that Matt's job as Google's search quality leader may bias his perspective a bit.

Google Sitemaps gives you a bit of useful information from Google about what keywords your site is ranking for and which keywords people are clicking on your listing.

•i) Social Aspects

Google allows people to write notes about different websites they visit using Google Notebook. Google also allows you to mark and share your favorite feeds and posts. Google also lets you flavorize search boxes on your site to be biased towards the topics your website covers.

Google is not as entrenched in the social aspects of search as much as Yahoo! is, but Google seems to throw out many more small tests hoping that one will perhaps stick.They are trying to make software more collaborative and trying to get people to share things like spreadsheets and calendars, while also integrating chat into email. If they can create a framework where things mesh well they may be able to gain further marketshare by offering free productivity tools.

•j) Google SEO Tools

Google Sitemaps - helps you determine if Google is having problems indexing your site. AdWords Keyword Tool - shows keywords related to an entered keyword, web page, or web site AdWords Traffic Estimator - estimates the bid price required to rank #1 on 85% of Google AdWords ads near searches on Google, and how much traffic an AdWords ad would drive Google Suggest - auto completes search queries based on the most common searches starting with the characters or words you have entered Google Trends - shows multi-year search trends Google Sets - creates semantically related keyword sets based on keyword(s) you enter Google Zeitgeist - shows quickly rising and falling search queries Google related sites - shows sites that Google thinks are related to your site related:www.site.com Google related word search - shows terms semantically related to a keyword ~term -term

•k) Business Perspectives

Google has the largest search distribution, the largest ad network, and by far the most efficient search ad auction. They have aggressively extended their brand and amazing search distribution network through partnerships with small web publishers, traditional media companies, portals like AOL, computer and other hardware manufacturers such as Dell, and popular web browsers such as Firefox and Opera.

I think Google's biggest strength is also their biggest weakness. With some aspects of business they are exceptionally idealistic. While that may provide them an amazingly cheap marketing vehicle for spreading their messages and core beliefs it could also be part of what unravels Google.

As they throw out bits of their relevancy in an attempt to keep their algorithm hard to manipulate they create holes where competing search businesses can become more efficient.

In the real world there are celebrity endorsements. Google's idealism associated with their hatred toward bought links and other things which act similarly to online celebrity endorsements may leave holes in their algorithms, business model, and business philosophy that allows a competitor to sneak in and grab a large segment of the market by factoring the celebrity endorsement factor into being part of the way that businesses are marketed.

•VIII. Ask Search

Ask was originally created as Ask Jeeves, and was founded by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in 1996 and launched in April of 1997. It was a natural query processing engine that used editors to match common search queries, and backfilled the search results via a meta search engine that searched other popular engines.

As the web scaled and other search technologies improved Ask Jeeves tried using other technologies, such as Direct Hit (which roughly based popularity on page views until it was spammed to death), and then in 2001 they acquired Teoma, which is the core search technology they still use today. In March of 2005 InterActive Corp. announced they were buying Ask Jeeves, and by March of 2006 they dumped Jeeves, changing the brand to Ask.

•a) On Page Content

For topics where there is a large community Ask is good at matching concepts and authoritative sources. Where those communities do not exist Ask relies a bit much on the on page content and is pretty susceptible to repetitive keyword dense search spam.

•b) Crawling

Ask is generally slower at crawling new pages and sites than the other major engines are. They also own Bloglines, which gives them incentive to quickly index popular blog content and other rapidly updated content channels.

•c) Query Processing

I believe Ask has a heavy bias toward topical authority sites independent of anchor text or on the page content. This has a large effect on the result set the provide for any query in that it creates a result set that is more conceptually and community oriented than keyword oriented.

•d) Link Reputation

Ask is focused on topical communities using a concept they call Subject-Specific PopularitySM. This means that if you are entering a saturated or hyper saturated field that Ask will generally be one of the slowest engines to rank your site since they will only trust it after many topical authorities have shown they trusted it by citing it. Due to their heavy bias toward topical communities, for generic search they seem to be far more biased on how many quality related citations you have than looking as much at anchor text. For queries where there is not much of a topical community their relevancy algorithms are nowhere near as sharp.

•e) Page vs Site

Pages on a well referenced trusted site tend to rank better than one would expect. For example, I saw some spammy press releases on a popular press release site ranking well for some generic SEO related queries. Presumably many companies link to some of their press release pages and this perhaps helps those types of sites be seen as community hubs.

•f) Site Age

Directly I do not believe it is much of a factor. Indirectly I believe it is important in that it usually takes some finite amount of time to become a site that is approved by your topical peers.

•g) Paid Search

Ask gets most of their paid search ads from Google AdWords. Some ad buyers in verticals where Ask users convert well may also want to buy ads directly from Ask. Ask will only place their internal ads above the Google AdWords ads if they feel the internal ads will bring in more revenue.

•h) Editorial

Ask heavily relies upon the topical communities and industry experts to in essence be the editors of their search results. They give an overview of their ExpertRank technology on their web search FAQ page. While they have such limited distribution that few people talk about their search spam policies they reference a customer feedback form on their editorial guidelines page.

•i) Social Aspects

Ask is a true underdog in the search space. While they offer Bloglines and many of the save a search personalization type features that many other search companies offer they do not have the critical mass of users that some of the other major search companies have.

•j) Ask SEO Tools

Ask search results show related search phrases in the right hand column. Due to the nature of their algorithms Ask is generally not good at offering link citation searches, but recently their Bloglines service has allowed you to look for blog citations by authority, date, or relevance.

•IX. Technical Working of a Search Engine - Taking Google as example

•1) Google Architecture Overview

In this section, we will give a high level overview of how the whole system works as pictured in Figure below. Further sections will discuss the applications and data structures not mentioned in this section. Most of Google is implemented in C or C++ for efficiency and can run in either Solaris or Linux.

In Google, the web crawling (downloading of web pages) is done by several distributed crawlers. There is a URLserver that sends lists of URLs to be fetched to the crawlers. The web pages that are fetched are then sent to the storeserver. The storeserver then compresses and stores the web pages into a repository. Every web page has an associated ID number called a docID which is assigned whenever a new URL is parsed out of a web page. The indexing function is performed by the indexer and the sorter. The indexer performs a number of functions. It reads the repository, uncompresses the documents, and parses them. Each document is converted into a set of word occurrences called hits. The hits record the word, position in document, an approximation of font size, and capitalization. The indexer distributes these hits into a set of "barrels", creating a partially sorted forward index. The indexer performs another important function. It parses out all the links in every web page and stores important information about them in an anchors file. This file contains enough information to determine where each link points from and to, and the text of the link.

The URLresolver reads the anchors file and converts relative URLs into absolute URLs and in turn into docIDs. It puts the anchor text into the forward index, associated with the docID that the anchor points to. It also generates a database of links which are pairs of docIDs. The links database is used to compute PageRanks for all the documents.

The sorter takes the barrels, which are sorted by docID, and resorts them by wordID to generate the inverted index. This is done in place so that little temporary space is needed for this operation. The sorter also produces a list of wordIDs and offsets into the inverted index. A program called DumpLexicon takes this list together with the lexicon produced by the indexer and generates a new lexicon to be used by the searcher. The searcher is run by a web server and uses the lexicon built by DumpLexicon together with the inverted index and the PageRanks to answer queries.

•2) Major Data Structures

Google's data structures are optimized so that a large document collection can be crawled, indexed, and searched with little cost. Although, CPUs and bulk input output rates have improved dramatically over the years, a disk seek still requires about 10 ms to complete. Google is designed to avoid disk seeks whenever possible, and this has had a considerable influence on the design of the data structures.

•a) BigFiles

BigFiles are virtual files spanning multiple file systems and are addressable by 64 bit integers. The allocation among multiple file systems is handled automatically. The BigFiles package also handles allocation and deallocation of file descriptors, since the operating systems do not provide enough for our needs. BigFiles also support rudimentary compression options.

•b) Repository

The repository contains the full HTML of every web page. Each page is compressed using zlib. The choice of compression technique is a tradeoff between speed and compression ratio. We chose zlib's speed over a significant improvement in compression offered by bzip. The compression rate of bzip was approximately 4 to 1 on the repository as compared to zlib's 3 to 1 compression. In the repository, the documents are stored one after the other and are prefixed by docID, length, and URL as can be seen in Figure below. The repository requires no other data structures to be

used in order to access it. This helps with data consistency and makes development much easier; we can rebuild all the other data structures from only the repository and a file which lists crawler errors.

•c) Document Index

The document index keeps information about each document. It is a fixed width ISAM (Index sequential access mode) index, ordered by docID. The information stored in each entry includes the current document status, a pointer into the repository, a document checksum, and various statistics. If the document has been crawled, it also contains a pointer into a variable width file called docinfo which contains its URL and title. Otherwise the pointer points into the URLlist which contains just the URL. This design decision was driven by the desire to have a reasonably compact data structure, and the ability to fetch a record in one disk seek during a search

Additionally, there is a file which is used to convert URLs into docIDs. It is a list of URL checksums with their corresponding docIDs and is sorted by checksum. In order to find the docID of a particular URL, the URL's checksum is computed and a binary search is performed on the checksums file to find its docID. URLs may be converted into docIDs in batch by doing a merge with this file. This is the technique the URLresolver uses to turn URLs into docIDs. This batch mode of update is crucial because otherwise we must perform one seek for every link which assuming one disk would take more than a month for our 322 million link dataset.

•d) Lexicon

The lexicon has several different forms. One important change from earlier systems is that the lexicon can fit in memory for a reasonable price. In the current implementation we can keep the lexicon in memory on a machine with 256 MB of main memory. The current lexicon contains 14 million words (though some rare words were not added to the lexicon). It is implemented in two parts -- a list of the words (concatenated together but separated by nulls) and a hash table of pointers. For various functions, the list of words has some auxiliary information which is beyond the scope of this paper to explain fully.

•e) Hit Lists

A hit list corresponds to a list of occurrences of a particular word in a particular document including position, font, and capitalization information. Hit lists account for most of the space used in both the forward and the inverted indices. Because of this, it is important to represent them as efficiently as possible. We considered several alternatives for encoding position, font, and capitalization -- simple encoding (a triple of integers), a compact encoding (a hand optimized allocation of bits), and Huffman coding. In the end we chose a hand optimized compact encoding since it required far less space than the simple encoding and far less bit manipulation than Huffman coding. The details of the hits are shown in Figure below.

Our compact encoding uses two bytes for every hit. There are two types of hits: fancy hits and plain hits. Fancy hits include hits occurring in a URL, title, anchor text, or meta tag. Plain hits include everything else. A plain hit consists of a capitalization bit, font size, and 12 bits of word position in a document (all positions higher than 4095 are labeled 4096). Font size is represented relative to the rest of the document using three bits (only 7 values are actually used because 111 is the flag that signals a fancy hit). A fancy hit consists of a capitalization bit, the font size set to 7 to indicate it is a fancy hit, 4 bits to encode the type of fancy hit, and 8 bits of position. For anchor hits, the 8 bits of position are split into 4 bits for position in anchor and 4 bits for a hash of the docID the anchor occurs in. This gives us some limited phrase searching as long as there are not that many anchors for a particular word. We expect to update the way that anchor hits are stored to allow for greater resolution in the position and docIDhash fields. We use font size relative to the rest of the document because when searching, you do not want to rank otherwise identical documents differently just because one of the documents is in a larger font.

The length of a hit list is stored before the hits themselves. To save space, the length of the hit list is combined with the wordID in the forward index and the docID in the inverted index. This limits it to 8 and 5 bits respectively (there are some tricks which allow 8 bits to be borrowed from the wordID). If the length is longer than would fit in that many bits, an escape code is used in those bits, and the next two bytes contain the actual length.

•f) Forward Index

The forward index is actually already partially sorted. It is stored in a number of barrels (we used 64). Each barrel holds a range of wordID's. If a document contains words that fall into a particular barrel, the docID is recorded into the barrel, followed by a list of wordID's with hitlists which correspond to those words. This scheme requires slightly more storage because of duplicated docIDs but the difference is very small for a reasonable number of buckets and saves considerable time and coding complexity in the final indexing phase done by the sorter. Furthermore, instead of storing actual wordID's, we store each wordID as a relative difference from the minimum wordID that falls into the barrel the wordID is in. This way, we can use just 24 bits for the wordID's in the unsorted barrels, leaving 8 bits for the hit list length.

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Semantic Web – Publishing Technology Presentation, Part 2

admin — Mon, 03 Jan 2011 03:48:29 +0000

Louise Tutton, COO at Publishing Technology, talks about Semantic Web and its opportunities at Online Information, London (30th November). The half hour presentation is available here on YouTube in two parts. This is Part 2. Visit the PublishingTech YouTube channel to watch Part 1.

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Latest Semantic Web Auctions

admin — Sun, 02 Jan 2011 03:48:18 +0000

Hey, check out these auctions:

The Semantic Web by Kevin T. Smith, Leo Joseph Obrst...

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Cool, arent they?

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